Incorporating sea surface temperature into the stock-recruitment relationship: Applications to jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) off Chile

The recruitment rate was modeled in relation to spawning biomass and to sea surface temperature (SST) for the jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) population off the Chilean coast using the Ricker model. Data regarding recruitment and spawning biomass were obtained from indirect stock assessment models from 1975 to 2001, while annual time series of SST were collected from the meteorological stations placed along the Chilean coast by the National Center of Hydrographic and Oceanographic Data (CENDHOC). The standard Ricker model was thus modified as follows: (1) the SST temporal series was included as a linear predictor; (2) the SST temporal series was modeled through smoothing functions; and (3) spawning biomass and SST temporal series were both modeled using smoothing functions. The resulting models were compared with the standard Ricker model without SST. Model selection was carried out using automatic information criteria (AIC). Including SST improved the fit of the recruitment model, despite the penalty of an additional term and a possible additional source of variability. The best model resulting includes the SST temporal series with smoothing functions and the spawning biomass with parametric functions, with a goodness-of-fit of 90%. Incorporating an environmental variable into stock-recruitment relationships may be a promising method for simultaneously considering effects from fishing and the environment, and is particularly relevant for managing fisheries in light of climate change.