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Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr. 51(1): 69-80

Artículo

http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572016000100007

 

Actinomicetos aislados de Argopecten purpuratus productores de enzimas extracelulares y con actividad inhibitoria de patógenos marinos 

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.1, Juan José Aponte1, D´Lourdes Cuadra1, Nadia Galindo1, Liz Jaramillo1, Marisol Vallejo2 y Emilio Marguet2

1Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Lima, Perú
2Cátedra en Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Roca 115 (9100), Trelew, Argentina

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The southwestern Gulf of California has high-value commercial fisheries; however, there are few studies of the taxonomic diversity of fish in this area. Surveys of taxonomic diversity of the fish assemblage at 8 localities near the shore of Bahía de La Paz were undertaken from March 2002 to April 2003. Seasonal changes in diversity of rocky reef fish were analyzed, including taxonomic distance among fish species, using the alpha, alpha average, beta, and gamma diversity indices, the taxonomic distinctness index (TD D*), and the average taxonomic distinctness index (AvTD D+). Submarine visual censuses were carried out along 48 transects measuring 100 × 5 m (500 m2) at 5 m average depth from 09:00-16:00 h. Two seasons were studied: winter with an average temperature of 22.57°C, and summer with an average temperature of 27.09°C. 24,633 fishes, belonging to 92 species and 67 genera were recorded. According to the alpha average, beta, and gamma diversity indices, August had the highest diversity (19.5, 40.5, and 60 species, respectively), and December had the lowest diversity (20.6, 27.4, and 48 species, respectively). Spatial analysis of TD and AvTD were not significantly different, and analysis by season of these indices was not significant different. Greater anthropogenic impact would cause differences in TD and AvTD found at El Guano compared with other locations.
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos evaluar actinomicetos aislados de Argopecten purpuratus y su capacidad de producir enzimas extracelulares (EEC), así como determinar su actividad antagonista frente a patógenos de importancia en acuicultura. Se aislaron 27 cepas de actinomicetos a partir de la masa visceral de especímenes adultos de A. purpuratus colectados en la localidad de Pisco y Pucusana (Lima) - Perú. El 81,5 y 59,2% de los aislados mostraron actividad proteolítica y lipolítica, respectivamente. Asimismo, las cepas señaladas como ARG 9-II, ARG 10-II, ARG 12-II y ARG 14-II mostraron mayor actividad antimicrobiana contra los patógenos Vibrio anguillarum, V. vulnificus, V. alginolitycus, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus iniae, Carnobacterium piscicola y Yersinia ruckeri. La cepa ARG 4-II exhibió la mayor actividad inhibitoria. La Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) del extracto diclorometánico de la cepa ARG 12-II frente a V. anguillarum y V. alginolyticus fue calculada en 250 y 500 µg ml-1 respectivamente. Las cepas ARG 9-II, ARG 12-II y ARG 14-II sobre la base del análisis de su ARNr 16S fueron identificadas como Streptomyces variabilis, St. labedae y St. rochei, respectivamente. Los resultados señalan a A. purpuratus como una fuente promisoria de aislamiento de nuevas cepas de con alta capacidad bioactiva y antagonista contra patógenos de importancia en acuicultura y con posibilidades de ser desarrolladas como potenciales agentes probióticos en el futuro.

Palabras clave:  Biocontrol, probiótico, Streptomyces, acuicultura, Perú

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